中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
访谈|ASML全球高级副总裁沈波:开放合作半导体行业才能发展****** (第五届进博会)访谈|ASML全球高级副总裁沈波:开放合作半导体行业才能发展 中新社上海11月6日电 题:访谈|ASML全球高级副总裁沈波:开放合作半导体行业才能发展 中新社记者 李佳佳 元宇宙体验、光刻机“开箱”视频和H5虚拟课堂,备受外界关注的全球半导体行业供应商ASML在第五届中国国际进口博览会上,首次通过“元宇宙”平台,带来沉浸式的光刻体验,彰显前沿科技。 自1988年交付首台步进式光刻机以来,ASML进入中国市场已有三十余年,见证、亲历和支持了中国半导体产业的发展。 “今年是ASML第四次参展进博会,我们希望借助进博会的平台不断地展现开放共赢、合作发展的理念。”ASML全球高级副总裁、中国区总裁沈波表示:“ASML一直秉持开放与专注,以‘开放式创新’和对光刻技术的专注,持续支持半导体行业的发展。在进博会,我们可以与全行业甚至跨行业的企业和合作伙伴加深交流,共商合作前景。” 首次在进博会亮相的“ASML元宇宙”之旅给此间观展者带去了身临其境的独特体验。在ASML元宇宙空间里,观展者可以“亲身”进入无尘室,近距离接触神秘的光刻机,更可以结合影视级效果的3D裸眼视频,了解光刻机的内部基本原理——光源经过照明模组投向掩模版,再穿过掩模版上的电路图案,通过投影物镜将影像聚焦到晶圆上。“元宇宙”中还有生动的全方位光刻解决方案动画和丰富多样的科普视频,令观展者沉浸式了解更多有关ASML的故事。 “每年我们都会思考以什么样的形式参加进博会”,沈波说,去年,进博会的集成电路专区设立,凸显了外界对产业的关注和重视。希望未来在设立专区的基础上,能够增加宣传和引导,比如举办一些专题或者小论坛,以加深外界对行业的了解。 其实,除了光刻机,ASML在芯片制造的成像环节也会提供全方位的光刻解决方案,从光刻机设备本身到计算光刻软件,再到芯片生产过程的量测、缺陷的检查等,ASML均有涉猎。“我们更想跟大家讲讲怎么帮助客户在芯片生产的过程中,在我们的环节上做出足够大的工艺窗口,让芯片生产的质量、精度能够控制得更好,或者让客户的技术进步更顺畅地向前。这是我们今年进博会主要的出发点。” 当前,中国已是全世界最大的成熟制程市场,这俨然成为行业的共识。“中国在整个半导体产业链中扮演非常重要的角色,这是所谓‘不确定性中的确定性’。在这种确定的情况下,中国该怎么发展成熟制程,怎么把成熟制程做好,怎么在全球的半导体产业链里把自己重要的角色扮演好,从这个角度看,中国市场的潜力是很大的,中国有全世界最大的终端市场,最活跃的应用市场,终端市场、应用市场反过来可以推动上游设计、制造方面的发展创新。” 说起行业未来的发展,沈波坦言,半导体行业自身有一定的周期,有起有伏不是新鲜事。但是从半导体行业过去多年的发展和对未来的预期来看,整体向上的趋势是在的,“只要大趋势在,就会要求有更多的计算、更多的存储、更多新的应用支持,就会带动半导体行业的需求量向上”。(完) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |